Our understanding of the cultural and political forces which gave rise to the Classical Age of Greece, the beginning of Western Civilization.
Herodotus of Halicarnassus newly arrived in Athens, set down and began to write his history and in doing so led the foundation of history itself. By the time Herodotus got there, Athens was home to the literary culture, like the plays of Aeschylus enthralling audiences.
The Greek language was establishing itself as a powerful cultural instrument, at the same time as other features of culture like architecture, politics and navigation were also developing in new exciting ways.
The main subject of Herodotus's history was the Persian wars, fought in the 480s and 90s BC, as Greek city-states struggled to repair Persian invasions of the city of Athens providing an opportunity for a dramatic rebuilding scheme that began in 447 BC. The center piece was the Parthenon, the magnificent temple of Athena, and still astonishes visitors to Athens today and is an international emblem of ancient Greek civilization
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